{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:34:54Z","timestamp":1791250494443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Supported by Abbott"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the current literature on the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatments on the humoral response to pneumococcal and influenza vaccines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically searched the literature for studies evaluating the immune response to vaccines in RA patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) and\/or biologic agents. The efficacy of vaccination, assessed by the response rate based on increased antibody titers before and 3\u20136 weeks after vaccination, was extracted by one investigator and verified by another.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 12 studies were included. RA patients mainly received MTX, anti\u2013tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (anti\u2010TNF\u03b1), or rituximab (RTX). Influenza vaccination response was reduced for RTX (43 patients; pooled odds ratio [OR] 0.44 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.17\u20131.12] for H1N1, OR 0.11 [95% CI 0.04\u20130.31] for H3N2, and OR 0.29 [95% CI 0.10\u20130.81] for B) but not for anti\u2010TNF\u03b1 (308 patients; OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.36\u20132.37] for H1N1, OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.34\u20131.83] for H3N2, and OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.37\u20131.70] for B). For MTX, results differed depending on the method of analysis (222 patients; OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.18\u20130.66] for at least 2 strains, ORs were close to 1.0 in the single strain analysis). Pneumococcal vaccination response was reduced for 139 patients receiving MTX compared with controls (OR 0.33 [95% CI 0.20\u20130.54] for serotype 6B and OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.36\u20130.94] for 23F) but not for anti\u2010TNF\u03b1 (258 patients; OR 0.96 [95% CI 0.57\u20131.59] for 6B and OR 1.20 [95% CI 0.57\u20132.54] for 23F). For RTX, the response was reduced (88 patients; OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.11\u20130.58] for 6B and OR 0.21 [95% CI 0.04\u20131.05] for 23F).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MTX decreases humoral response to pneumococcal vaccination and may impair response to influenza vaccination. The immune response to both vaccines is reduced with RTX but not with anti\u2010TNF\u03b1 therapy in RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T14:48:57Z","timestamp":1386686937000},"page":"1016-1026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"title":["Effect of Methotrexate, Anti\u2013Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1, and Rituximab on the Immune Response to Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Lapeyronie and University of Montpellier 1 Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Barnetche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Combe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Lapeyronie and University of Montpellier 1 Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Lapeyronie and University of Montpellier 1 Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.137216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Pneumococcal vaccines. URL:http:\/\/archives.who.int\/vaccines\/en\/pneumococcus.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Licensure of 13\u2010valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for adults aged 50 years and older. URL:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6121a3.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate) vaccine. 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