{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:27:44Z","timestamp":1780662464082,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the literature on contextual factors (CoFas) and their relationship to work outcomes in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Articles that quantified the relationship between CoFas and employment status, sick leave, or presenteeism in individuals with AS were systematically identified. CoFas were classified into 5 domains for personal factors and 8 domains for environmental factors. We defined criteria for best\u2010evidence synthesis for each CoFa domain based on the number of studies exploring that domain, and the quality of evidence of individual studies based on the risk of bias, adjustment of multivariable analyses for disease activity and physical function, and sample size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five studies met our inclusion criteria: 20 addressed employment status, 6 examined sick leave, and 3 presenteeism. For employment, there was strong evidence for the role of age, moderate evidence for related skills\/abilities, the absence of work accommodations, the nature of work and absence of workplace support, and poor evidence for the role of marital status. Evidence was insufficient for sex, education, and physical environment. For sick leave and presenteeism there were too few studies to perform a best\u2010evidence synthesis for the role of CoFas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a newly proposed set of criteria for determining the best\u2010evidence of the association between CoFa domains and work outcome, the following factors emerged: age, related skills\/abilities, work accommodations, nature of work, and workplace support. In addition to disease\u2010related variables, these CoFa domains seem important to include when designing and interpreting studies on work outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T11:41:07Z","timestamp":1425296467000},"page":"1316-1327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Importance of Contextual Factors When Measuring Work Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review by the OMERACT Worker Productivity Group"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Stolwijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9\u2010Dionisio","family":"Castillo\u2010Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cronico\u2010Degenerativas Guadalajara Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Gignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Work and Health, University of Toronto, and University Health Network Toronto, Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"Luime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus Medical Center and University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Boonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the OMERACT Worker Productivity Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.11.1033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31817d1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"721","article-title":"Employment across chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and comparison with the general population","volume":"32","author":"Mau W","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.5.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2010.487838"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"516","article-title":"Impact of functional impairment in ankylosing spondylitis: impairment, activity limitation, and participation restrictions","volume":"32","author":"Dagfinrud H","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"951","article-title":"Selection of instruments in the core set for DC\u2010ART, SMARD, physical therapy, and clinical record keeping in ankylosing spondylitis: progress report of the ASAS Working Group. 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