{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:07:33Z","timestamp":1789913253121,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P30-AR-053503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AR-053503"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AR-43727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR-43727"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01-DE12354-15A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DE12354-15A1"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R56A062615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56A062615"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN26S201300057C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN26S201300057C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jerome L. Green Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interferon\u2010inducible protein\u201016 (IFI16) is an intracellular DNA receptor involved in innate immunity. We evaluated the frequency, phenotypic characteristics, and clinical associations of anti\u2010IFI16 antibodies in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS), and quantitated expression levels of IFI16 in SS and control salivary gland lysates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010IFI16 antibodies were assayed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay using sera from patients with primary SS (n\u2009=\u2009133) and from healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200947). Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n\u2009=\u2009132) were included as disease controls. Immunoprecipitation of in vitro transcription\u2013translated IFI16 was used to determine which portion of IFI16 the antibodies recognized. Expression of IFI16 in salivary gland lysates was quantitated by immunoblotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010IFI16 antibodies were present in the sera of 38 of 133 SS patients (29%) compared to 1 of 47 healthy controls (2.1%) (SS versus controls; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0002) and in 31 of 132 SLE controls (24%). In SS, anti\u2010IFI16 antibodies were associated with an abnormal Schirmer's test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), hyperglobulinemia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), antinuclear antibody \u22651:320 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), germinal center\u2013like structures in labial salivary gland lymphoid infiltrates (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and higher focus scores (3.4 versus 2.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). High\u2010titer IFI16 antibodies were directed against an epitope outside the N\u2010terminus in 9 of 13 SS patients (69%). IFI16 was expressed in 4 of 5 (80%) of SS and 1 of 6 (17%) of control labial salivary glands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010IFI16 antibodies are a prominent specificity in primary SS and are associated with markers of severe disease. IFI16 is expressed at higher levels in SS salivary glands compared to controls. These high levels in disease target tissue may contribute to the ongoing anti\u2010IFI16 immune response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T10:54:54Z","timestamp":1433242494000},"page":"254-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Association of Antibodies to Interferon\u2010Inducible Protein\u201016 With Markers of More Severe Disease in Primary Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Alan N.","family":"Baer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungsan","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Casciola\u2010Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313577111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903510922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780371117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313484978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196505000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0720-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120398678920046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/15027732.1986.12461404","article-title":"Symptomatic secondary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): relation to anti\u2013SS\u2010A and anti\u2013SS\u2010B autoantibodies","volume":"61","author":"Jonsson H","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol Suppl"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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