{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:44:17Z","timestamp":1790747057481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR 047782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR 047782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Affordable Care Act proposes wider use of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), but little is known about outcomes of care provided by them in medical specialties. We compared the outcomes of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seen in practices with NPs or PAs and rheumatologists versus practices with rheumatologists only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 7 rheumatology practices in the US (4 with NPs or PAs and 3 without). RA disease activity (categorized as in remission, low, moderate, or high, using standardized measures) was abstracted from medical records from the most recent 2 years. We performed a repeated\u2010measures analysis using generalized linear regression to compare disease activity for visits to practices with NPs or PAs versus rheumatologist\u2010only practices, adjusting for disease duration, serologic status, RA treatments, and disease activity measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records from 301 patients, representing 1,982 visits, were reviewed. The patients\u2019 mean age was 61 years and 77% were female. In the primary adjusted analysis, patients seen in practices with NPs or PAs were less likely to have higher disease activity (odds ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.17\u20130.60; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) than those seen in rheumatologist\u2010only practices. However, there were no differences in the change in disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients seen in practices with NPs or PAs had lower RA disease activity over 2 years compared to those seen in rheumatologist\u2010only practices; no differences were observed in the change in disease activity between visits either within or between the different types of provider practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T04:14:19Z","timestamp":1434773659000},"page":"1664-1670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparison of Care Provided in Practices With Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants Versus Subspecialist Physicians Only: A Cohort Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Fraenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Losina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Bitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1695-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"Treatment decisions for complex patients: differences between primary care physicians and midlevel providers","volume":"15","author":"Subramanian U","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"CD001271","article-title":"Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care","volume":"2","author":"Laurant M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31817a23f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<53::AID-ANR8>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"issue":"39","key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"S100","article-title":"The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Aletaha D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Advances in patient safety: new directions and alternative approaches (vol 3: performance and tools)","author":"Webster JS","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2003.009597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.9.1042"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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