{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:48:21Z","timestamp":1769046501461,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["18174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"West Midlands North Comprehensive Local Research Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008406","name":"Nursing, Midwifery, and Allied Health Professions Doctoral Research Training Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"West Midlands Strategic Health Authority"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellow","award":["1020925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1020925"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the existence of distinct foot osteoarthritis (OA) phenotypes based on pattern of joint involvement and comparative symptom and risk profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants ages \u226550 years reporting foot pain in the previous year were drawn from a population\u2010based cohort. Radiographs were scored for OA in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, first and second cuneometatarsal, navicular first cuneiform, and talonavicular joints according to a published atlas. Chi\u2010square tests established clustering, and odds ratios (ORs) examined symmetry and pairwise associations of radiographic OA in the feet. Distinct underlying classes of foot OA were investigated by latent class analysis (LCA) and their association with symptoms and risk factors was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 533 participants (mean age 64.9 years, 55.9% female) radiographic OA clustered across both feet (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and was highly symmetrical (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% confidence interval 2.1, 4.2). LCA identified 3 distinct classes of foot OA: no or minimal foot OA (64%), isolated first MTP joint OA (22%), and polyarticular foot OA (15%). After adjustment for age and sex, polyarticular foot OA was associated with nodal OA, increased body mass index, and more pain and functional limitation compared to the other classes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patterning of radiographic foot OA has provided insight into the existence of 2 forms of foot OA: isolated first MTP joint OA and polyarticular foot OA. The symptom and risk factor profiles in individuals with polyarticular foot OA indicate a possible distinctive phenotype of foot OA, but further research is needed to explore the characteristics of isolated first MTP joint and polyarticular foot OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T17:03:20Z","timestamp":1438621400000},"page":"217-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Investigations of Potential Phenotypes of Foot Osteoarthritis: Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis From the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Trishna","family":"Rathod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care &amp; Health Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care &amp; 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