{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:17:49Z","timestamp":1792199869711,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess maternal and fetal outcomes associated with subclinical (pre\u2010systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and SLE presenting up to 5 years postpartum) and prevalent maternal SLE during pregnancy compared with the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study used population\u2010based Swedish registers to identify 13,598 women with first singleton pregnancies registered in the Medical Birth Register (551 prevalent SLE, 65 pre\u2010SLE within 0\u20132 years, 133 pre\u2010SLE within 2\u20135 years, and 12,847 general population). SLE was defined as \u22652 SLE\u2010coded discharge diagnoses in the patient register with \u22651 diagnosis from a specialist. Unadjusted risks of adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes were calculated by SLE status, and Cochran\u2010Armitage tests evaluated trend across exposure groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia, hypothyroidism, stroke, and infection were more common among women with SLE. Sixteen percent of prevalent\u2010SLE pregnancies were diagnosed with preeclampsia compared with 5% of those from the general population. Among the pre\u2010SLE women, preeclampsia was found in 26% of those with SLE within 2 years postpartum and 13% in those with SLE within 2\u20135 years postpartum. Similarly, infant outcomes, such as preterm birth, infection, and mortality, were worse among those born to mothers with prevalent SLE and pre\u2010SLE during pregnancy. The test for trend was significant for most outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data demonstrate that adverse maternal and fetal outcomes are more common in SLE pregnancies. Furthermore, these unfavorable outcomes are observed in pregnancies occurring prior to the diagnosis of SLE. Thus, the underlying immunologic profile of SLE and alterations preceding clinical SLE may contribute to these pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:18:42Z","timestamp":1454285922000},"page":"988-994","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["What to Expect When Expecting With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Population\u2010Based Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in SLE and Pre\u2010SLE"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Arkema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Palmsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Svenungsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia F.","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1999.tb03438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8572-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Centre for Epidemiology. The Swedish Medical Birth Register: a summary of content and quality.2003. 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