{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:00:52Z","timestamp":1789441252707,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002193","name":"Lupus Foundation of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate a safe, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to measure regional blood\u2013brain barrier integrity and investigate its relationship with neurocognitive function and regional gray matter volume in juvenile\u2010onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional, case\u2013control study, capillary permeability was measured as a marker of blood\u2013brain barrier integrity in juvenile SLE patients and matched healthy controls, using a combination of arterial spin labeling and diffusion\u2010weighted brain MRI. Regional gray matter volume was measured by voxel\u2010based morphometry. Correlation analysis was done to investigate the relationship between regional capillary permeability and regional gray matter volume. Formal neurocognitive testing was completed (measuring attention, visuoconstructional ability, working memory, and psychomotor speed), and scores were regressed against regional blood\u2013brain barrier integrity among juvenile SLE patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formal cognitive testing confirmed normal cognitive ability in all juvenile SLE subjects (n\u2009=\u200911) included in the analysis. Regional capillary permeability was negatively associated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) with neurocognitive performance concerning psychomotor speed in the juvenile SLE cohort. Compared with controls (n\u2009=\u200911), juvenile SLE patients had significantly greater capillary permeability involving Brodmann's areas 19, 28, 36, and 37 and caudate structures (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is imaging evidence of increased regional capillary permeability in juvenile SLE patients with normal cognitive performance using a novel noninvasive MRI technique. These blood\u2013brain barrier outcomes appear consistent with functional neuronal network alterations and gray matter volume loss previously observed in juvenile SLE patients with overt neurocognitive deficits, supporting the notion that blood\u2013brain barrier integrity loss precedes the loss of cognitive ability in juvenile SLE. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the findings of this pilot study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T20:22:47Z","timestamp":1461615767000},"page":"299-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Altered Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Permeability in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Novel Imaging Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Gulati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan T.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mekibib","family":"Altaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean W.","family":"Beebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Meyers\u2010Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasha","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermine I.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"DiFrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.9.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","first-page":"1536","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of neuropsychiatric syndromes in pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"29","author":"Sibbitt WL","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23132"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4197"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00856812"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20152"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20390"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl051"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33402"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110833"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38852"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3401-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.029"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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