{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:21:00Z","timestamp":1780471260641,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine secular trends in demographics, clinical manifestations, and comorbidity on first presentation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prior to disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drug treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2,701 patients were recruited over 25 years to 2 UK\u2010based RA inception cohorts: the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (9 centers; 1986\u20132001) and the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network (23 centers; 2002\u20132012). Trends in demographic and baseline clinical\/laboratory and radiographic variables and comorbidities were estimated using mixed\u2010effects models, including random effects for recruitment center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age at onset increased from 53.2 to 57.7 years in 1990 and 2010, respectively (2.6 months\/year; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2, 4.1). Sex ratio, the proportion living in deprived areas, and smoking status were unchanged (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and there were no changes in the proportion seropositive or erosive at baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). After controlling for treatment at the time of assessment, erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased and hemoglobin increased over time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05); however, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Disease Activity Score (DAS), the DAS in 28 joints, and joint counts were unchanged (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The overall prevalence of comorbidity increased from 29.0% in 1990 to 50.7% in 2010, mainly due to cardiovascular and non\u2010cardiac vascular conditions, including hypertension. There was a significant increase in body mass index (0.15 units\/year; 95% CI 0.11, 0.18), resulting in an increase in the prevalence of obesity from 13.3% in 1990 to 33.6% in 2010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age at onset and comorbidity burden, especially obesity, have increased at RA presentation over 25 years, reflecting wider demographic trends at the population level. In contrast, there were no accompanying changes in disease severity assessed by composite markers of disease activity, radiographic erosions, seropositivity, or HAQ at presentation. Treatment strategies in early RA should take greater account of the impact of comorbidity on outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T14:19:25Z","timestamp":1472221165000},"page":"21-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Secular Changes in Clinical Features at Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Increase in Comorbidity But Improved Inflammatory States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Nikiphorou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK, and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study, St. Albans City Hospital St. Albans UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and Faculty of Life and Medical Science, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lifespan and Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Dixey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Cross Hospital Wolverhampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andrew Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kiely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study, St. Albans City Hospital St. Albans UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study and the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network Cohorts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Silman AJ.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00397-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Radiographic progression is getting milder in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: results of 3 cohorts over 5 years","volume":"31","author":"Sokka T","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Hand and foot surgery rates in rheumatoid arthritis have declined from 1986 to 2011, but large\u2010joint replacement rates remain unchanged: results from two UK inception cohorts. 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