{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:39:31Z","timestamp":1781789971115,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are a potent source of inflammatory cytokines, with profound effects on adipose tissue function, yet their potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathobiology is largely unstudied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 36 RA patients and 22 non\u2010RA controls frequency matched on demographics and body mass index. Samples were stained for the macrophage marker CD68, and the average proportions of ATMs, crown\u2010like structures (periadipocyte aggregates of 3 or more ATMs), and fibrosis were compared between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The adjusted proportion of ATMs among all nucleated cells was 76% higher in RA than in non\u2010RA samples (37.7 versus 21.3%, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and the adjusted average number of crown\u2010like structures was more than 1.5\u2010fold higher in the RA group than in controls (0.58 versus 0.23 crown\u2010like structure\/high\u2010power field, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.001). ATMs were significantly more abundant in early RA and in those with anti\u2013cyclic citrullinated peptide seropositivity. Users of methotrexate, leflunomide, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors had a significantly lower proportion of ATMs compared with nonusers. Crown\u2010like structures were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid factor seropositivity and in those with C\u2010reactive protein levels \u226510 mg\/liter, and significantly lower among those treated with statins. Linear ATMs were significantly associated with whole\u2010body insulin resistance, but not with serum lipids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ATMs and crown\u2010like structures were more abundant in RA patients and were associated with systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and whole\u2010body insulin resistance, suggesting possible contributions to the RA disease process. Lower levels of ATMs and crown\u2010like structures associated with specific RA treatments suggest that adipose tissue inflammation may be ameliorated by immunomodulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T12:19:44Z","timestamp":1491567584000},"page":"175-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prevalence, Disease\u2010Related Indicators, and Associations With Cardiometabolic Risk\u00a0Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jon T.","family":"Giles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony W.","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New 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