{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:18:06Z","timestamp":1778051886388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009992","name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disease. An inexpensive and rapid imaging tool, infrared thermal imaging, was evaluated for its utility to detect active bone lesions in extremities of children with CNO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with suspected active CNO and healthy controls were enrolled. All subjects underwent infrared thermal imaging of the lower extremities. Patients in the CNO group also received a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Hyperintensity within bone marrow on a fluid\u2010sensitive T2\u2010weighted MRI sequence was considered confirmatory for inflammation. Infrared thermal data were analyzed using custom software by dividing the leg below the knee into 3 equal segments longitudinally and adding the distal femur segment as an equal length above the knee. Median and 95th percentile temperatures were recorded for each leg segment. Temperature differences between inflamed and uninflamed segments in all subjects (both intersubject and intrasubject) were evaluated using a linear mixed\u2010effects model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty children in the suspected\/known CNO group and 31 healthy children were enrolled. In the healthy control group, males had significantly higher temperature in their lower extremities than females (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in temperature detected between inflamed leg segments of patients with CNO versus uninflamed leg segments of the healthy control group. However, within the CNO group, significantly higher temperatures were detected for inflamed versus uninflamed distal tibia\/fibula segments (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with active CNO lesions in the distal tibia\/fibula exhibited higher regional temperatures on average than healthy extremities. Larger studies are warranted to further evaluate the clinical utility of infrared thermal imaging for CNO detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]],"date-time":"2018-11-02T09:56:14Z","timestamp":1541152574000},"page":"1430-1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Pilot Study of Infrared Thermal Imaging to Detect Active Bone Lesions in Children With Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongdong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh S.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Reichley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assaf P.","family":"Oron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Gove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute  Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Averi E.","family":"Kitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debosmita","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Savannah C.","family":"Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0109-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2523081335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0239-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"578","article-title":"Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and Technetium\u2010labelled methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy in the initial assessment of chronic non\u2010bacterial osteomyelitis of childhood and adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Morbach H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.294085244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.7212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/3\/R33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4907969"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141138"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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