{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:03:00Z","timestamp":1780372980819,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000033","name":"Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether offspring from mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>), exposed in utero to antimalarials, have an increased risk of ocular anomalies during childhood versus unexposed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically performed searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for original human data on fetal and\/or child ocular outcomes following exposure to antimalarials during pregnancy and\/or lactation, from their inception until March 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 10 cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trials, ranging in size from 6 to 444 exposed infants studied, and 3 case reports met the inclusion criteria for our systematic review. Collectively, 1,477 infants were studied, 789 of which were exposed to hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. In all, 563 exposed infants had follow\u2010up visits after delivery (ranging from &lt;3 months to 19 years), and 331 of these exposed infants underwent ophthalmologic examinations during the follow\u2010up period. Our review of the literature suggests a low\u2010to\u2010nonexistent risk of visual abnormalities in offspring exposed to antimalarials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children exposed to appropriate doses of antimalarials antenatally, the risk of ocular toxicity appears low to nonexistent. The potential benefits and risks of antimalarials should be discussed in all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancies, and high dosages should continue to be avoided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T10:44:58Z","timestamp":1542019498000},"page":"1606-1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk of Ocular Anomalies in Children Exposed In Utero to Antimalarials: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Rouan","family":"Gaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Pineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Bernatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9velyne","family":"Vinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"112","author":"Kuhn A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Deutsches Arzteblatt Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2271257a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101173240303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"466","article-title":"Retinal degeneration in 2 children following preventive antimalarial treatment of the mother during pregnancy","volume":"69","author":"Paufique L","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.26719\/2004.10.4-5.560","article-title":"Quinine for chloroquine\u2010resistant falciparum malaria in pregnant Sudanese women in the first trimester","volume":"10","author":"Adam I","year":"2004","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.26719\/2004.10.1-2.159","article-title":"Quinine therapy in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy in Sudan","volume":"10","author":"Adam I","year":"2004","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.7.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301678646137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1964.00750040419009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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