{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:49:02Z","timestamp":1789523342747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AR070155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AR070155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A114297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A114297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DP005120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DP005120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n The California Lupus Surveillance Project (\n CLSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a population\u2010based registry of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) residing in San Francisco County, California from 2007 to 2009, with a special focus on Asian\/Pacific Islander and Hispanic patients. We used retrospective\n CLSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n data to analyze racial and ethnic differences in lupus manifestations and in the timing and risk of developing severe manifestations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 724 patients with\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n were retrospectively identified. Prevalence ratios (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) of\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n manifestations were calculated using Poisson regression models stratified by race\/ethnicity and adjusted for sex, age at\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis, and disease duration. We studied onset of severe\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n manifestations after\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis using Kaplan\u2010Meier methods to examine time\u2010to\u2010event and Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). White patients were the referent group in all analyses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n African Americans, Asian\/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic patients had increased prevalence of renal manifestations (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.74 [95% confidence interval (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.40\u20132.16],\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.68 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.38\u20132.05], and\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.35 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.05\u20131.74], respectively). Furthermore, African Americans had increased prevalence of neurologic manifestations (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.49 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.12\u20131.98]), and both African Americans (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.09 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.04\u20131.15]) and Asian\/Pacific Islanders (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.07 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01\u20131.13]) had increased prevalence of hematologic manifestations. African Americans, Asian\/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic patients, respectively, had higher risk of developing lupus nephritis (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.4 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.6\u20133.8],\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4.3 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.9\u20136.4], and\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.3 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.4\u20133.8]) and thrombocytopenia (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.3 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.1\u20134.4],\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.3 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.3\u20134.2], and\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.2 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.1\u20134.7]). Asian\/Pacific Islander and Hispanic patients had higher risk of developing antiphospholipid syndrome (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.4\u20134.4] and\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.6 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.3\u20135.1], respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the first epidemiologic study comparing lupus manifestations among 4 major racial and ethnic groups. We found substantial differences in the prevalence of several clinical\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n manifestations among racial\/ethnic groups and discovered that African Americans, Asian\/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic patients are at increased risk of developing several severe manifestations following a diagnosis of\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T05:36:48Z","timestamp":1558503408000},"page":"622-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence and Time to Onset of Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The California Lupus Surveillance Project"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ernest","family":"Maningding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dall'Era","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Trupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3919-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise B.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia GE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinoos","family":"Yazdany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01118-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2797::AID-ART467>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"CDC\/National Center for Health Statistics.Bridged\u2010race population estimates: data files and documentation. 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