{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:47:28Z","timestamp":1789156048466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>) induces difficulty in chewing and swallowing due to low salivary flow. However, these symptoms may be associated with other factors, such as orofacial myofunctional disorders and temporomandibular disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>), which have not been comprehensively assessed in this population. The aims of this study were to investigate orofacial muscles and functions as well as the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> compared with a group without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> and to analyze whether the patients\u2019 experience of limitations in orofacial functioning is associated with the orofacial functional status and muscle pain related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> based on the 2002 American\u2013European Consensus Group criteria and volunteers paired by age and sex were compared. The examinations included the orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMES<\/jats:styled-content>) protocol, tongue and lip strength measures, and electromyography of the masticatory muscles. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> investigations included clinical examination, self\u2010report of symptoms, and assessment according to the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> present with impaired muscle and orofacial functions based on lower scores of all categories of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OMES<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001), tongue strength (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0003\u20130.0004), and masticatory muscle activity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002\u20130.007), as well as worse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> signs and symptoms (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and jaw functional limitation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001\u20130.0003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients\u2019 experiences with limitation in mastication and swallowing were associated with orofacial myofunctional status and muscle pain related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>. Those disorders should be monitored along with disease control and must be addressed in the clinical evaluation to prevent nutritional and metabolic comorbidities in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T14:51:05Z","timestamp":1560783065000},"page":"1057-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Orofacial Motor Functions and Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients With Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Mariana Cristina","family":"Zanin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9123-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denny 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