{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:58:46Z","timestamp":1789390726625,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The type 1 and type 2 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) categorization system was recently proposed to validate the patients\u2019 perspective of disease and to capture a more comprehensive spectrum of symptoms. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical manifestations of SLE subtypes and to determine the correlation between the patient\u2010 and physician\u2010reported measures used in the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study of patients with SLE in a university clinic. Patients completed the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) and 2011 American College of Rheumatology fibromyalgia (FM) criteria. Active SLE was defined as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score \u22656, clinical SLEDAI score \u22654, or active lupus nephritis. We identified 4 groups: type 1 SLE (active SLE without FM), type 2 SLE (inactive SLE with FM), mixed SLE (active SLE with FM), and minimal SLE (inactive SLE without FM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort of 212 patients (92% female, mean age 45 years), 30% had type 1 SLE, 8% had type 2 SLE, 13% had mixed SLE, and 49% had minimal SLE. Regardless of SLE disease activity, patients with FM (21%), reported higher SLAQ scores, patient global assessment scores, and self\u2010reported lupus flare that resulted in discordance between patient\u2010 and physician\u2010reported measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fatigue, widespread pain, sleep dysfunction, and mood disorders are common symptoms in SLE. Identifying these symptoms as type 2 SLE may be a method to improve patient communication and understanding. The level of type 2 SLE impacts patients\u2019 perception of disease and self\u2010reported symptoms. The SLAQ may need to be reinterpreted based on the FM severity scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T12:59:28Z","timestamp":1578401968000},"page":"386-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Using Clinical Characteristics and Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measures to Categorize Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5524-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Eudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pisetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham Veterans Affairs Hospital and Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Criscione-Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanth","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8579-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E. B.","family":"Clowse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60128-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.677857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.6.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.11.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317749746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Learning from discordance in patient and physician global assessments of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity","volume":"27","author":"Neville C","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317722412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu332oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"Gladman DD","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Validity and reliability of lupus activity measures in the routine clinic setting","volume":"19","author":"Petri M","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Statistics without maths for psychology","author":"Dancey C","year":"2004"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","article-title":"Lupus flare activity from the patient perspective [abstract]","volume":"70","author":"Nelson W","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu330oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-003-0035-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203304lu480oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key075.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-2972-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms of fibromyalgia and its related disorders","volume":"69","author":"Bradley LA","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"2291","article-title":"The Symptom Intensity Scale, fibromyalgia, and the meaning of fibromyalgia-like symptoms","volume":"33","author":"Wolfe F","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2013.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Genome-wide expression profiling in the peripheral blood of patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"34","author":"Jones KD","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000276370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-019-0047-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1094126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.04.003"},{"issue":"107","key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"A RheuMetric physician checklist to quantitate levels of inflammation, damage and distress on 0\u201310 visual analogue scales","volume":"35","author":"Castrej\u00f3n I","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Facr.24135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.24135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr.24135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.24135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:10:11Z","timestamp":1759417811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.24135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.24135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.24135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}