{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:39:51Z","timestamp":1783420791197,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DP003206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DP003206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DP006266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DP006266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P60AR064166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60AR064166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR047853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR047853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR067743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR067743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR067743\u201002S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR067743\u201002S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have explored foot osteoarthritis (OA) in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of foot OA and identify associated factors in a cross\u2010sectional analysis of a large community\u2010based cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were from the 2013\u20132015 study visit of the Johnston County OA Project. Radiographic OA of the foot was defined using the La Trobe radiographic atlas (\u22652 osteophytes or joint space narrowing in at least 1 of 5 joints). Symptomatic OA of the foot was defined as foot radiographic OA with pain, aching, or stiffness in the same foot. At the foot\u2010level, separate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to account for intraperson correlations were performed to examine associations of foot radiographic OA or symptomatic OA with age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, educational attainment, and previous foot injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 864 participants with available data (mean age 71 years, mean BMI 30 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 68% women, 33% African American, 13% &lt;12 years of schooling), 22% had foot radiographic OA, 20% had foot symptoms, and 5% had foot symptomatic OA. Radiographic, but not symptomatic, foot OA was more common in African American than White participants. Participants with obesity, compared to normal weight, had &gt;2 times the odds of radiographic OA and &gt;5 times the odds of symptomatic OA in adjusted models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Foot radiographic OA and foot symptoms were common in the sample, but both conditions simultaneously (i.e., symptomatic OA) occurred infrequently. Notably, obesity was linked with foot symptomatic OA, perhaps implicating metabolic or mechanical influences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T19:16:35Z","timestamp":1598555795000},"page":"1784-1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Foot Osteoarthritis Frequency and Associated Factors in a Community\u2010Based Cross\u2010Sectional Study of White and African American Adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8354-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Portia","family":"Flowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9344-7877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9586-6928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian T.","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6440-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard J.","family":"Hillstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan B.","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne M.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne M.","family":"Golightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/24.4.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0693-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Prevalence of knee symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project","volume":"34","author":"Jordan JM","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.4.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-90-8-397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-1-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161076"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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