{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:10:16Z","timestamp":1792087816404,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24\u2010AR\u2010057827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24\u2010AR\u2010057827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010AR\u2010072577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010AR\u2010072577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR\u2010074290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR\u2010074290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008648","name":"Pfizer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Burden of Disease Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Burden of Disease Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (SKOA) is a chronic, disabling condition, requiring long\u2010term pain management; over 800,000 SKOA patients in the US use opioids on a prolonged basis. We aimed to characterize the societal economic burden of opioid use in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the Osteoarthritis Policy Model, a validated computer simulation of SKOA, to estimate the opioid\u2010related lifetime and annual cost generated by the US SKOA population. We included direct medical, lost productivity, criminal justice, and diversion costs. We modeled the SKOA cohort with a mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age of 54\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u2009years and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score of 29\u2009\u00b1\u200917 (0\u2013100, 100 = worst). We estimated annual costs of strong ($1,381) and weak ($671) opioid regimens using Medicare fee schedules, Red Book, the Federal Supply Schedule, and published literature. The annual lost productivity and criminal justice costs of opioid use disorder (OUD), obtained from published literature, were $11,387 and $4,264, per\u2010person, respectively. The 2015\u20132016 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey provided OUD prevalence. We conducted sensitivity analyses to examine the robustness of our estimates to uncertainty in input parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assuming 5.1% prevalence of prolonged strong opioid use, the total lifetime opioid\u2010related cost generated by the US SKOA population was estimated at $14.0 billion, of which only $7.45 billion (53%) were direct medical costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lost productivity, diversion, and criminal justice costs comprise approximately half of opioid\u2010related costs generated by the US SKOA population. Reducing prolonged opioid use may lead to a meaningful reduction in societal costs that can be used for other public health causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:17:30Z","timestamp":1614212250000},"page":"1349-1358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Societal Cost of Opioid Use in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Huizinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James K.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. David","family":"Paltiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuhina","family":"Neogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3424-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Losina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control hearing on America's addiction to opioids: heroin and prescription drug abuse 113th Congress 2nd Session(2014). Testimony of Nora D. Volkow Maryland. 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