{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:20:57Z","timestamp":1792268457090,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012495","name":"Spondylitis Association of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence rates of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) among males versus females are poorly understood. Results of prior research have been mixed, including findings of a 3:1 incidence ratio for males versus females, but with increasing AS rates among females. The objective was to estimate the incidence of AS among members of the US military.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated the incidence of AS in a retrospective cohort study of diverse, working\u2010age US military service members during March 2014 to June 2017 (n\u00a0=\u00a0728,556) who underwent clinical practice guideline\u2013directed screening for chronic back pain. Incident AS cases were identified using diagnostic codes from electronic medical and administrative records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to some prior studies, AS incidence was similar among males and females (incidence rate ratio 1.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.23; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.79 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.61\u20131.02]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.072). AS rates increased approximately monotonically with age. Consistent with prior research, the AS incidence rate was greater in the White population than in the Black population (adjusted OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.01\u20131.66]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study population, the incidence of AS was similar for the sexes. Previous observations of male predominance have typically been derived from clinic populations that are less representative of the US race\/ethnicity distribution and based on disease ascertainment tools that may have identified subjects later in their disease course. Our study population also differed in being subject to organized screenings for musculoskeletal symptoms. Our findings suggest that sex may not predict AS incidence in the US population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T07:55:25Z","timestamp":1630310125000},"page":"332-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Incidence of Ankylosing Spondylitis Among Male and Female United States Army Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"D. Alan","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne M.","family":"Kurina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Weisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2020.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis: methodologic challenges and gaps in the literature","volume":"36","author":"Bohn R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/yycy0o"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense.Defense manpower data center (DMDC) overview. URL:https:\/\/www.dmdc.osd.mil\/appj\/dwp\/dmdc_overview.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense.Military health system data repositoryURL:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/visionhealth\/vehss\/data\/claims\/military.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","article-title":"e\u2010Profile: New commander's tool assists in assessing, tracking unit's medical readiness","author":"Smith R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fort Hood Sentinel"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2020\/23\/E429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.QuickFacts United States. June2021. 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