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We undertook this study to investigate the prevalence of FM in military service members with and without PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were active duty military personnel recruited into either an epidemiologic cohort study of service members before a military deployment or 1 of 3 PTSD treatment trials. Instruments used to document FM and PTSD included the PTSD Checklist\u2013Stressor\u2010Specific Version, the PTSD Symptom Scale\u2010Interview, and the 2012 American College of Rheumatology FM questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across the 4 studies, 4,376 subjects completed surveys. The prevalence of FM was 2.9% in the predeployment cohort, and the prevalence was significantly higher in individuals with PTSD (10.8%) compared with those without PTSD (0.8%). In the treatment trials, all of the participants met criteria for PTSD before starting treatment, and the prevalence of FM was 39.7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of FM in active duty service members preparing to deploy is similar to that reported for the general population of the US but is higher than expected for a predominantly male cohort. Furthermore, the prevalence of FM was significantly higher in service members with comorbid PTSD and was highest among those seeking treatment for PTSD. Further investigation is needed to determine the factors linking PTSD and FM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T22:12:28Z","timestamp":1633471948000},"page":"667-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of Fibromyalgia Syndrome in <scp>Active\u2010Duty<\/scp> Military Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina M.","family":"Lawrence\u2010Wolff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Fort Sam Houston  Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay B.","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Fort Sam Houston  Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3327-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey","family":"Young\u2010McCaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System  San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System  San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna B.","family":"Foa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Resick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Health  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. 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