{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:27:48Z","timestamp":1781018868538,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32\u2010HL\u2010130025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32\u2010HL\u2010130025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31\u2010AR\u2010078047\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31\u2010AR\u2010078047\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDC\u2010RFA\u2010DP08\u2010806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDC\u2010RFA\u2010DP08\u2010806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDC\u2010PA03022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDC\u2010PA03022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01\u2010DP\u2010005119\u2010Q5X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01\u2010DP\u2010005119\u2010Q5X"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may experience adverse perinatal outcomes in the years before an SLE diagnosis. Overall, there is limited research on perinatal outcomes among African American women with SLE. We undertook this study to examine the risk of preterm and small\u2010for\u2010gestational age births among African American women with SLE compared to the general population of African American women in a large metropolitan area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information about women with SLE was identified from the Georgia Lupus Registry and the Georgians Organized Against Lupus Cohort and was linked with birth certificates by the Georgia Department of Public Health. Births were categorized into occurring more than 3\u2009years before SLE diagnosis, 0\u20133\u2009years before SLE diagnosis, 0\u20133\u2009years after SLE diagnosis, or more than 3\u2009years after SLE diagnosis. Comparison birth certificates to African American women in the same geographic area were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. We used log\u2010risk models to compare the risk of preterm or small\u2010for\u2010gestational age births among SLE births in each diagnosis timing category to the general population, adjusting for maternal age and education and parity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Births to women with SLE were more likely to occur preterm at 0\u20133\u2009years before SLE diagnosis (risk ratio [RR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.24\u20132.35), 0\u20133\u2009years after SLE diagnosis (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.70\u20133.09), and 3 or more years after SLE diagnosis (RR 2.83, 95% CI 2.36\u20133.38), but not 3 or more years before SLE diagnosis compared to the general population (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77\u20131.38). Similar results were observed for small\u2010for\u2010gestational age births.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis, conducted among African American women, demonstrates an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes even before a clinical diagnosis of SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T01:09:48Z","timestamp":1640048988000},"page":"904-911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Before and After Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among African American Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4927-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan","family":"Angley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Drews\u2010Botsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ten\u00e9 T.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Badell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2361-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Sam","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health and Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope P.","family":"Howards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317693096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2001.00959.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-018-0242-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8245879"},{"issue":"127","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"A national study of the complications of lupus in pregnancy","volume":"199","author":"Clowse ME","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22791"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30959-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1013982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310378669"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Fetal outcome of lupus pregnancy: a retrospective case\u2010control study of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort","volume":"20","author":"Petri M","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus from a multiethnic US cohort: LUMINA (LVI) [corrected]","volume":"26","author":"Andrade R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2014-000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1154525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339300200211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd12.140238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-3-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08762-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preterm birth. 2020. URL:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/pretermbirth.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317720525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019726112597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.06.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Ethnic and racial disparities in the risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"30","author":"Schaaf JM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004361"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.24848","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr.24848","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.24848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T17:44:22Z","timestamp":1759427062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.24848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.24848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.24848","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}