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Whether RA influences prostate cancer risk is uncertain. We aimed to determine the risk of prostate cancer in patients with RA compared to patients without RA in the Veterans Health Administration (VA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a matched (up to 1:5) cohort study of male patients with and without RA in the VA from 2000 to 2018. RA status, as well as covariates, were obtained from national VA databases. Prostate cancer was identified through linked VA cancer databases and the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox models compared prostate cancer risk between patients with RA and patients without RA, including models that accounted for retention in the VA system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 56,514 veterans with RA and 227,284 veterans without RA. During 2,337,104 patient\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 6,550 prostate cancers occurred. Prostate cancer incidence (per 1,000 patient\u2010years) was 3.50 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.32\u20133.69) in patients with RA and 2.66 (95% CI 2.58\u20132.73) in patients without RA. After accounting for confounders and censoring for attrition of VA health care, RA was modestly associated with a higher prostate cancer risk (adjusted HR [HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>] 1.12 [95% CI 1.04\u20131.20]). There was no association between RA and prostate cancer mortality (HR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> 0.92 [95% CI 0.73\u20131.16]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>RA was associated with a modestly increased risk of prostate cancer, but not prostate cancer mortality, after accounting for relevant confounders and several potential sources of bias. However, even minimal unmeasured confounding could explain these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1649131177000},"page":"785-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Risk of Prostate Cancer in <scp>US<\/scp> Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Austin M.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Punyasha","family":"Roul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyuna","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn M.","family":"Brittan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harlan","family":"Sayles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City VA Healthcare System and University of Utah  Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant W.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City VA Healthcare System and University of Utah  Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0897-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted R.","family":"Mikuls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryant R.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191008.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9298-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs.National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. 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