{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:12:08Z","timestamp":1792807928702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699056000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":283,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX001703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX001703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX004660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX004660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX002203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX002203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR200793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR200793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 GM115458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 GM115458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine temporal trends in all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a matched cohort study in the VHA from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. Incident RA patients were matched up to 1:10 on age, sex, and VHA enrollment year to non\u2010RA patients, then followed until death or end of study period. Cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox regression models stratified by RA diagnosis years were used to examine trends in RA\u2010related risk of all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 29,779 incident RA patients (matched to 245,226 non\u2010RA patients), 9,565 deaths occurred. RA patients were at increased risk of all\u2010cause (adjusted hazard ratio [HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] 1.23 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20\u20131.26]), cardiovascular (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.19 [95% CI 1.14\u20131.23]), cancer (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.19 [95% CI 1.14\u20131.24]), respiratory (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.46 [95% CI 1.38\u20131.55]), and infection\u2010related mortality (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.59 [95% CI 1.41\u20131.80]). Interstitial lung disease was the cause of death most strongly associated with RA (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      3.39 [95% CI 2.88\u20133.99]). Nearly 70% of excess deaths in RA were attributable to cardiopulmonary disease. All\u2010cause mortality risk related to RA was lower among those diagnosed during 2012\u20132017 (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.10 [95% CI 1.05\u20131.15]) compared to 2000\u20132005 (HR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.31 [95% CI 1.26\u20131.36]), but still higher than for non\u2010RA controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Cause\u2010specific mortality trends were similar.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excess RA\u2010related mortality was driven by cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, and infectious causes, particularly cardiopulmonary diseases. Although our findings support that RA\u2010related mortality risk is decreasing over time, a mortality gap remains for all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality in RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T07:48:45Z","timestamp":1667548125000},"page":"1648-1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A Narrowing Mortality Gap: Temporal Trends of\n                    <scp>Cause\u2010Specific<\/scp>\n                    Mortality in a National Matched Cohort Study in\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tate M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyuna","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punyasha","family":"Roul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah  Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant W.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah  Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah  Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaleb","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, and FORWARD, the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases  Wichita Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0897-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted R.","family":"Mikuls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryant R.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Nebraska\u2013Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-010-0117-y"},{"issue":"51","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"S35","article-title":"Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: 2008 update","volume":"26","author":"Sokka T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0054-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0719-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04600-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Trends in all\u2010cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis: a 20\u2010year follow\u2010up matched case\u2010cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Provan SA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.03.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0501-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs.Office of Research and Development: VA informatics and computing infrastructure. URL:https:\/\/www.research.va.gov\/programs\/vinci\/default.cfm."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4314-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.33.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13652"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.08.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61704-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.4.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9298-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.11.994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Outcome of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to age and rheumatoid factor at diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Van Schaardenburg D","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25053","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr.25053","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25053","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T16:12:57Z","timestamp":1759421577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.25053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.25053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25053","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}