{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:38:02Z","timestamp":1793144282969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL150237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL150237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL089758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL089758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL089901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL089901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and radiographic measures of esophageal dilation are associated with radiographic progression of systemic sclerosis\u2013related interstitial lung disease (SSc\u2010ILD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants of the Scleroderma Lung Study II, which compared mycophenolate versus cyclophosphamide for SSc\u2010ILD, completed the reflux domain of the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 at baseline. The diameter and area of the esophagus in the region of maximum dilation was measured by quantitative image analysis. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were created to evaluate the relationship between these measures of esophageal involvement and progression of SSc\u2010ILD over 2\u2009years, based on the radiologic quantitative interstitial lung disease (QILD) and quantitative lung fibrosis (QLF) in the lobe of maximum involvement (LM). All multivariable models controlled for the treatment arm, baseline ILD severity, and proton\u2010pump inhibitor use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The baseline mean patient\u2010reported reflux score was 0.57, indicating moderate reflux (n\u00a0=\u00a0141). Baseline mean maximal esophageal diameter and area were 22\u2009mm and 242\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Baseline reflux scores were significantly associated with the change in QLF\u2010LM and QILD\u2010LM in the univariate and multivariable models. Neither radiographic measure of esophageal dilation was associated with the change in radiographic measures of lung involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severity of reflux symptoms as measured by an SSc\u2010specific questionnaire was independently associated with the change in the radiographic extent of ILD and fibrosis over 2\u2009years in patients with SSc\u2010ILD. Two objective measures of esophageal dilation were not associated with radiographic progression of ILD, highlighting the need for improved objective measures of esophageal dysfunction in SSc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T06:24:59Z","timestamp":1670826299000},"page":"1690-1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Association of Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Esophageal Dilation, and Progression of Systemic Sclerosis\u2013Related Interstitial Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Volkmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los 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