{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:06:19Z","timestamp":1772107579333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based studies of the familial aggregation of gout are scarce, and gene\/environment interactions are not well studied. This study was undertaken to evaluate the familial aggregation of gout as well as assess interactions between family history and obesity or alcohol consumption on the development of gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the Korean National Health Insurance database, which includes information regarding familial relationships and risk factor data, we identified 5,524,403 individuals from 2002 to 2018. Familial risk was calculated using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to compare the risk in individuals with and those without affected first\u2010degree relatives. Interactions between family history and obesity\/alcohol consumption were assessed on an additive scale using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with a gout\u2010affected first\u2010degree relative had a 2.42\u2010fold (95% CI 2.39, 2.46) increased risk of disease compared to those with unaffected first\u2010degree relatives. Having both a family history of gout and being either overweight or having moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a markedly increased risk of disease, with HRs of 4.39 (95% CI 4.29, 4.49) and 2.28 (95% CI 2.22, 2.35), respectively, which exceeded the sum of their individual risks but was only statistically significant in overweight individuals (RERI 0.96 [95% CI 0.85, 1.06]). Obese individuals (RERI 1.88 [95% CI 1.61, 2.16]) and heavy drinkers (RERI 0.36 [95% CI 0.20, 0.52]) had a more prominent interaction compared to overweight individuals and moderate drinkers, suggesting a dose\u2010response interaction pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate the possibility of an interaction between gout\u2010associated genetic factors and obesity\/alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T03:51:08Z","timestamp":1675050668000},"page":"1955-1966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Familial Risk of Gout and Interaction With Obesity and Alcohol Consumption: A <scp>Population\u2010Based<\/scp> Cohort Study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Kyoung\u2010Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service  Wonju\u2010si Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4662-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Ah","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungbuk National University  Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9129-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayada Zartasha","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gahwi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Shin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seeun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1467-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taeuk","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungshin Women's University Woonjung Green Campus  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaewoo","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungmin","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Uoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seojeong University  Yangju\u2010si Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoo Jae","family":"Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2084-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeong Sik","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0441-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0004-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1612-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1911928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16000-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.04.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1369-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.Drinking levels defined. URL:https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohol-health\/overview-alcohol-consumption\/moderate-binge-drinking."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.5.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194705000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Gout and uric acid metabolism","author":"Talbott JH","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3364-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Gout: state of the art after a decade of developments","volume":"58","author":"Pascart T","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000326"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr.25095","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:33:57Z","timestamp":1759419237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.25095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.25095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25095","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}