{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:34:08Z","timestamp":1773383648019,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Musculoskeletal symptoms are commonly reported following acute COVID\u201019. It is unclear whether those with musculoskeletal symptoms subsequently develop inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal disease (iRMD). This review seeks to identify evidence for an association between acute COVID\u201019 and subsequent iRMD diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rapid review of the literature using a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and two COVID\u201019 databases was undertaken until August 2022. Case studies, case series, cross\u2010sectional, case\u2010control, and cohort studies reporting patients with an incident iRMD following COVID\u201019 were included. Title and abstract screening were conducted by one reviewer and full text screening by two reviewers. Data extraction and quality appraisal were by one reviewer, with a second verifying. Study\u2010type specific critical appraisal tools were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results were narratively synthesized. A total of 80 studies were included (69 case reports, 10 case series and 1 cross\u2010sectional study). Commonly reported iRMDs were \u201creactive arthropathies\u201d (n\u00a0=\u00a047), \u201cinflammatory arthropathies unspecified\u201d (n\u00a0=\u00a018), rheumatoid arthritis (n\u00a0=\u00a012) and systemic lupus erythematosus (n\u00a0=\u00a011). The cross\u2010sectional study reported 37% of those with COVID\u201019 developed \u201cpost COVID arthritis.\u201d Time from diagnosis of COVID\u201019 to iRMD presentation ranged from 0 to 120\u2009days. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the association between COVID\u201019 and iRMD development: autoimmune processes, aberrant inflammatory responses, colonization of joint spaces, direct damage from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and genetic predisposition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The level of evidence of the studies included in this review was low and the quality generally poor. Prospective observational studies are required to confirm associations and likely impact of post COVID\u201019 iRMDs at a population level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T01:05:18Z","timestamp":1694394318000},"page":"40-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Summarizing Evidence of Associations of <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 With a Future Diagnosis of Inflammatory Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Rapid Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7016-6861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah R.","family":"Mudge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Honey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Wessex Foundation School  Salisbury UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tachoukaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University  East Anglia UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Hider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele University  Keele UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayleigh J.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele University  Keele UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9156-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria K.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele University  Keele UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4688-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele University  Keele UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO).Weekly epidemiological update on COVID\u201019 \u2010 4January2023. 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