{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:57:52Z","timestamp":1791853072614,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002101","name":"Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\/636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative exercise training, or prehabilitation, aims to optimize cardiorespiratory fitness before surgery to reduce the risk of adverse perioperative events and delayed recovery. However, traditional exercise such as walking and cycling can be difficult for people with degenerative joint diseases of the lower limbs, such as osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three low\u2010impact interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and subjective health before total hip or knee arthroplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a randomized controlled trial involving 93 participants with severe knee or hip osteoarthritis awaiting joint replacement surgery. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (to measure peak oxygen consumption [O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>]), then were randomized to heat therapy (Heat; 20\u201330 min immersed in 40\u00b0C water followed by ~15 min light\u2010resistance exercise), high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT; 6\u20138 \u00d7\u200960 s intervals on a cross\u2010trainer or arm ergometer at ~90%\u2013100% peak O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), or home\u2010based exercise (Home; ~15 min light\u2010resistance exercise); for up to 36 sessions (3 sessions per week for 12\u2009weeks).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> increased by 16% across HIIT and to a greater extent than Heat (+2.5 mL \u00d7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00d7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> [95% CI: 0.5\u20134.4], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.009) and Home (+3.2 mL \u00d7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00d7 kg<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> [1.2\u20135.2], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.001). The anaerobic threshold increased across HIIT (+1.5 mL \u00d7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00d7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> [0.7\u20132.3], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.001) and Heat (+1.2 mL \u00d7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00d7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> [0.4\u20131.9], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.004), but not Home (\u22120.5 mL \u00d7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00d7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> [\u22121.3 to 0.3], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.248). Subjective severity of osteoarthritis was unchanged with any intervention (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2265\u20090.250).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heat therapy and HIIT improved indices of cardiorespiratory fitness preoperatively in patients who have difficulty performing lower\u2010limb exercise.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/acr25238-toc-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T05:51:16Z","timestamp":1695189076000},"page":"393-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<scp>Upper\u2010Limb High\u2010Intensity<\/scp> Interval Training or Passive Heat Therapy to Optimize Cardiorespiratory Fitness Prior to Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon H.","family":"Roxburgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Reymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J. 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