{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:47:49Z","timestamp":1784008069454,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99\u2010AR\u2010080243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99\u2010AR\u2010080243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50\u2010AR\u2010060772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50\u2010AR\u2010060772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR\u2010065944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR\u2010065944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gout flares are followed by transient major cardiovascular (CV) risk, implicating the role of inflammation; the aim of this study was to determine whether premature mortality rates in patients with gout and CV risk are independent of serum urate (SU) and atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using serial US nationwide prospective cohorts, we evaluated the independent association of prevalent gout with all\u2010cause and CV mortality, adjusting for SU, ASCVD risk factors, comorbidities, medications, and kidney function and compared mortality rates between the early (1988\u20131994 baseline) and late cohorts (2007\u20132016 baseline). We replicated late cohort findings among patients with gout in a nationwide UK cohort (2006\u20132010 baseline).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality rates in patients with prevalent gout were similar in early and late US cohorts (1.20 [1.03\u20131.40] and 1.19 [1.04\u20131.37], respectively); HRs with further adjustment for SU were 1.19 (1.02\u20131.38) and 1.19 (1.03\u20131.37), respectively. Adjusted HR among patients with gout from the UK late cohort was 1.61 (1.47\u20131.75); these associations were larger among women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.04) and prominent among Black individuals. Adjusted HR for CV mortality rates in the late US cohort was 1.39 (1.09\u20131.78); those for circulatory, CV, and coronary heart disease deaths among UK patients with incident gout were 1.48 (1.24\u20131.76), 1.49 (1.20\u20131.85), and 1.59 (1.26\u20131.99), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with gout experience a persistent mortality gap in all\u2010cause and CV deaths, even adjusting for SU and ASCVD risk factors, supporting a role for gout\u2010specific pathways (eg, flare inflammation). These findings suggest gaps in current care, particularly in women and possibly among Black patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/acr25292-toc-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T23:15:57Z","timestamp":1704755757000},"page":"691-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Unclosing Premature Mortality Gap Among Patients With Gout in the <scp>US<\/scp> General Population, Independent of Serum Urate and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"McCormick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Arthritis Research Canada  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kehuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7557-3303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chio","family":"Yokose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7638-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2862-0442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyon K.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Arthritis Research Canada  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-7-200510040-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01657-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"NCHS data linked to NDI mortality files. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated November 7 2023. Accessed January 1 2023.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data-linkage\/mortality.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): MEC Laboratory Procedures Manual","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.03.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.122770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02244-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","article-title":"Neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio among flaring and non\u2010flaring uncontrolled gout patients undergoing pegloticase therapy as part of the phase 3 pivotal trials","volume":"74","author":"Pillinger M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204463"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.191370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00725-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32234-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","unstructured":"U.S. FDA approves first anti\u2010inflammatory drug for cardiovascular disease. AGEPHA Pharma. June 20 2023. Accessed July 1 2023.https:\/\/us.agephapharma.com\/blog\/2023\/06\/20\/us\u2010fda\u2010approves\u2010first\u2010anti\u2010inflammatory\u2010drug\u2010for\u2010cardiovascular\u2010disease\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S284759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2020.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.26804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gucdd1020010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22896"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:03:26Z","timestamp":1759417406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.25292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.25292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25292","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}