{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:18:43Z","timestamp":1780046323384,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroinflammatory adverse events have been observed among new users of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. No studies to date have compared the real\u2010world risk of TNFs with other new users of biologic or targeted synthetic disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drugs (b\/tsDMARDs).\u00a0The objective of this study is to describe the risk of neuroinflammatory disease after initiation b\/tsDMARDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This new user comparative effectiveness cohort study used a large US\u2010based electronic health records database to describe the unadjusted incidence of neuroinflammatory adverse events over a 3\u2010year period. The cohort included patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis initiating treatment with a TNF inhibitor (n = 93,661) or other b\/tsDMARD (n = 38,354).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 132,015 patients included in the analysis, the most common first biologic agent was a TNF inhibitor; the unadjusted incidence of neuroinflammatory events was numerically lower among new users of TNF inhibitors (incidence 1.34 per 1,000 patient\u2010years) as compared with the combined non\u2010TNF group (1.69 per 1,000 patient\u2010years). There was no significant association between TNF exposure and neuroinflammatory events as compared with the combined non\u2010TNF b\/tsDMARDs overall (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 0.75\u20131.36) and within each disease group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall risk of neuroinflammatory events among new users of TNF inhibitors did not differ substantially as compared with new users of other b\/tsDMARDs. Meta\u2010analyses of randomized trials should be conducted to corroborate these findings, which may be affected by channeling bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T23:40:42Z","timestamp":1712187642000},"page":"1203-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk of Neuroinflammatory Diseases Among New Recipients of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Disease\u2010Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0348-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Casey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Pannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Milwaukee  River 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