{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T07:30:04Z","timestamp":1784014204302,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with inflammatory arthritis require long\u2010term rheumatologist care for optimal outcomes. We sought to determine if socioeconomic status (SES) influences general practitioner (GP) and specialist physician visit frequency and out\u2010of\u2010pocket (OOP) visit costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We linked data from Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD) participants with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis to the Pharmaceutical Benefits (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule from 2011 to 2018. Small\u2010area SES was approximated as quintiles of the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage. A comorbidity index (Rx\u2010Risk) was determined from PBS data. Analysis was performed using panel regression methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 1,916 ARAD participants (76.3% rheumatoid arthritis, 71.1% women, mean \u00b1 SD age 54 \u00b1 12 years and disease duration 6 \u00b1 4 years). Participants averaged 9.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6\u20139.4) annual GP visits and 3.9 (95% CI 3.8\u20134.1) annual specialist physician visits. After adjustment for sex, age, education, remoteness, and comorbidity, there was an inverse relationship between annual GP visit frequency and higher SES quintile (\u20130.6, 95% CI \u20130.9 to \u20130.3 visits per quintile) and a direct relationship between more frequent specialist visits and higher SES (linear slope 0.3, 95% CI 0.2\u20130.5 visits per quintile). Average OOP costs\/visit were higher for specialist physician (AUD$38.43; 95% CI 37.34\u201339.53) versus GP visits (AUD$7.86; 95% CI 7.42\u20138.31), and higher SES was associated with greater OOP cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with higher SES have relatively fewer GP visits and more specialist physician visits compared with patients with lower SES, suggesting individuals with lower SES may receive suboptimal specialist physician care. OOP costs may be a contributing factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T14:19:09Z","timestamp":1730125149000},"page":"127-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Area\u2010Level Socioeconomic Status Impacts Health Care Visit Frequency by Australian Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis: Results From the Australian Rheumatology Association Database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7134-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia, and The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia, and The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia, and The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Lassere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia, and University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"March","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, the Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-6912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, the Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachelle","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8289-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia, and The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.10.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.19400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25024"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1051","article-title":"The impact of socioeconomic status in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Verstappen SMM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-023-00301-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199804000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01375-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118769211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"About the PBS.Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. 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