{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T12:33:38Z","timestamp":1770467618839,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1174431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1174431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determine whether there is a relationship between the number of different lower\u2010limb resistance exercises prescribed in a program and outcomes for people with knee osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a systematic review with meta\u2010regression. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase up to January 4, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated land\u2010based resistance exercise for knee osteoarthritis compared with nonexercise interventions. We conducted meta\u2010regressions between number of different exercises prescribed and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for pain and function. Covariates (intervention duration, frequency per week, use of resistance exercise machine[s], and comparator type) were applied to attempt to reduce between\u2010study heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four trials (3,364 participants) were included. The number of resistance exercises ranged from 1 to 12 (mean \u00b1 SD 5.0 \u00b1 3.0). Meta\u2010regression showed no relationship between the number of prescribed exercises and change in pain (slope coefficient: \u22120.04 SMD units [95% confidence interval {95% CI} \u22120.14 to 0.05]) or self\u2010reported function (SMD \u22120.04 [95% CI \u22120.12 to 0.05]). There was substantial heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. However, even after removing 31 trials that had overall unclear\/high risk of bias, there was no change in relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no relationship between the number of different lower\u2010limb resistance exercises prescribed in a program and change in knee pain or self\u2010reported function. However, given that we were unable to account for all differences in program intensity, progression, and adherence, as well as the heterogeneity and overall low quality of included studies, our results should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T21:29:19Z","timestamp":1732829359000},"page":"594-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship Between Number of Different Lower\u2010Limb Resistance Exercises Prescribed in a Program and Exercise Outcomes in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Regression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda J.","family":"Lawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Bennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libby","family":"Spiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Kimp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0319-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Dell'Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison R.","family":"Harmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Van der Esch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2024-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-9456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana S.","family":"Hinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. 2018 Guideline for the management of knee and hip osteoarthritis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"1","author":"Fransen M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00122-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0737-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2957-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2858-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","author":"Liguori G","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119887183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155211073039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01605-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.105.2018.2.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2016.1153160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2009.06.1709"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","article-title":"Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"12","author":"Lawford BJ","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Criteria for classification of clinical osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Altman RD","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Deeks JJ","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","volume-title":"Review Manager Web, version 3.1.2","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2014.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2002.005272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514540920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90032-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2010-0385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2015.1038425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199603000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.10.001"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"1655","article-title":"The efficacy of home based progressive strength training in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Baker KR","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04892-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540250033028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522012000300008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2021.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.30620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12772"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of aquatic and Thera\u2010band exercise on pain and quality of life in obese people with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Krishnan K","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.33988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-021-00220-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-020-00175-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.660598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2016.93899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2019\/v31i1a6058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.62600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01474-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S317896"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-021-00221-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6672274"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Effects of non weight bearing strength training for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"5","author":"Doss SSD","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Res Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2022.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100431"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/79.3.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14782715221104859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:33:19Z","timestamp":1759419199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.25476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.25476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}