{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:10:32Z","timestamp":1790327432802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50\u2010AR\u2010060772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50\u2010AR\u2010060772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR\u2010056291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR\u2010056291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR\u2010065944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR\u2010065944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DK\u2010120870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DK\u2010120870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DK\u2010126698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DK\u2010126698"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HL\u2010035464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HL\u2010035464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01\u2010CA\u2010167552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01\u2010CA\u2010167552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1\u2010CA\u2010186107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1\u2010CA\u2010186107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple plant\u2010based dietary patterns are inversely associated with gout, although the individual constituents driving this association remain unclear. Dietary lignans, a major group of phytoestrogens abundant in plant foods, are metabolized by the gut microflora and may modulate gout risk. We examined the associations between dietary lignan intake, certain whole grain foods rich in lignans, and incident gout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 122,680 individuals in the Health Professionals Follow\u2010up Study and Nurses\u2019 Health Study. We administered a food frequency questionnaire every two to four years. We used Cox models to evaluate associations between dietary lignans, whole grain foods, and confirmed gout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher intakes of matairesinol (hazard ratio [HR] comparing extreme quintiles, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69\u20130.90;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      trend = 0.002) and secoisolariciresinol (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68\u20130.89;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      trend = 0.002) were both associated with lower gout risk, whereas pinoresinol and lariciresinol were not associated with gout. We found inverse associations of whole grain cold breakfast cereals (HR for those consuming \u22651 serving per day, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53\u20130.73), cooked oatmeal\/oat bran (HR for those consuming \u22652 servings per week, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70\u20130.86), and bran added to food (HR for those consuming \u22652 servings per week, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74\u20130.95), but not dark breads or other cooked breakfast cereals, with gout.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher intakes of matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, as well as whole grain cold breakfast cereals, oatmeal, and added bran, were each significantly associated with lower gout risk. These findings support adherence to healthful plant\u2010based diets for gout and support a potential role of the gut microbiome in gout pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T05:36:53Z","timestamp":1751866613000},"page":"1487-1499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Lignan Intake, Whole Grain Foods, and the Risk of Gout: Results From Two Prospective Cohort Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0108-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharan K.","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Chavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyon K.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Channing Division of Network Medicine  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-7-200510040-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.36.5.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.3.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5851.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)92381-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39449.819271.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16000-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.7.2223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360701612942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21081034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Nutritional Epidemiology","author":"Willett W.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199011000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.4.912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.3.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO00961D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gucdd2010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2026871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(02)00227-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/ph.2014.3642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHYT.0000045487.02836.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.01199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2010.551645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-021-00583-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508162092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.7.742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02461-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283438e13"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25596","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr.25596","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.25596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:38:53Z","timestamp":1790325533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.25596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.25596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25596","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}