{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:15:27Z","timestamp":1778253327816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine if program format (in\u2010person, virtual, or hybrid) results in differences in 3\u2010month outcomes of pain, function, quality of life, self\u2010efficacy, and chair stands in a hip\/knee osteoarthritis\u2010management program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A secondary analysis of the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D) Canada database was completed. Multiple linear regression was completed for pain and function, analysis of covariance for quality of life and self\u2010efficacy, and negative binomial regression to analyze chair stands. Outcome measures included the 12\u2010item Knee\/Hip Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (pain, quality of life, and physical function subscales), Arthritis Self\u2010Efficacy Scale (self\u2010efficacy), and 30\u2010second chair stand test. Models were adjusted for different covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analyses included 5,062 individuals with knee and\/or hip osteoarthritis who completed the program between January 2019 and March 2024 (76.7% female sex, mean age 67.27 years, mean body mass index 29.51 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). When compared with in\u2010person formats, there was no difference in virtual or hybrid formats at 3 months for pain, quality of life, or self\u2010efficacy. When compared with in\u2010person formats, the virtual format resulted in lower function scores (B = \u22121.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22122.78 to \u22120.63) and the hybrid format performed 3% fewer chair stands at 3 months (incidence rate ratio 0.97; 95% CI 0.93\u20130.99), which is not a clinically important change.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GLA:D Canada program appears effective in virtual, hybrid, and in\u2010person formats. With the known barriers of strictly in\u2010person formats, these results provide further support for the research and implementation of virtual and hybrid approaches for helping individuals manage osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T06:22:03Z","timestamp":1755584523000},"page":"388-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Virtual or In\u2010Person: Does It Matter? Comparing Pain, Function, Quality of Life, Self\u2010Efficacy, and Physical Function Outcomes of Virtual, Hybrid, and In\u2010Person Education and Exercise Program Participants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4066-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanina","family":"Dal Bello\u2010Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayse","family":"Kuspinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zywiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhona","family":"McGlasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Canada  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6167-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Carlesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00594-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2020.100095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1515992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2023.101791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2021.100146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.40126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/385256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1999.10608028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"IBM SPSS Statistics.Overview (MULTIPLE IMPUTATION command). 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