{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:53:48Z","timestamp":1790776428668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain in spondyloarthritis reflects not only inflammatory activity but also social context. We quantified the association between a composite Social Factors Index (SFI) and patient\u2010reported pain severity on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 2,042 patients from REGISPONSER (N = 1,514) and RESPONDIA (N = 528). Missing data were handled with multiple imputation (m = 20). The SFI combined education, employment, housing, income source, and Graffar class using penalized regression (sparse\u2010group lasso). Mutual information (MI) quantified the SFI's relative importance. Propensity scores (logistic regression) supported 1:1 caliper matching (0.2 SD on the logit), comparing the highest (Q4) and lowest (Q1) SFI quartiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Before matching, Q1 and Q4 included on average 918 and 829 patients per imputation, differing mainly in race (White 80.8% vs 86.8%; standardized mean difference [SMD] = \u22120.16) and country (Spain 66.2% vs 78.2%; SMD = \u22120.27). After matching, a mean of 745 pairs (range 731\u2013761) were retained with excellent covariate balance (all |SMD| &lt; 0.10). In the matched sample, patients in Q4 reported higher pain (average treatment effect on the treated +0.38 VAS points; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05\u20130.71;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023). Postmatching regression yielded an identical estimate (\u03b2 = +0.37; 95% CI 0.04\u20130.70;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.030). MI indicated the SFI carried more information about VAS than any single social variable. Stratified analyses suggested heterogeneity: Spain +0.31 (95% CI 0.08\u20130.71) and Latin America +0.62 (95% CI \u22120.22 to 1.45).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social disadvantage, summarized by the SFI, is independently associated with greater pain severity in spondyloarthritis after adjustment. These findings support incorporating social determinants into clinical assessment and pain management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1760602831000},"page":"96-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Social Factors on Visual Analog Scale Pain in Patients With Spondyloarthritis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-5542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis \u00c1ngel","family":"Calvo Pascual","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Pontificia Comillas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Castro Corredor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real  Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7647-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Collantes\u2010Est\u00e9vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clementina","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00407-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2024-0936"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Causes of pain in patients with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Kiltz U","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03274-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X241272947"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Ibero\u2010American Spondylarthritis Registry (RESPONDIA): what is, how it came about, who we are and what we do","volume":"4","author":"Vazquez\u2010Mellado J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Une m\u00e9thode de classification sociale d\u2019\u00e9chantillons de population","volume":"6","author":"Graffar M.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Article in French. 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