{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T10:04:07Z","timestamp":1779703447281,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DP0006698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DP0006698"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DP006488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DP006488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG061179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG061179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimates of polypharmacy among US adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)\u2014a relatively young and disproportionately minoritized population\u2014remain sparse. We sought to estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in SLE and identify the most common medications used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this cross\u2010sectional study, participants were recruited from a population\u2010based cohort of adults with validated SLE in Atlanta, Georgia. Prescription and over\u2010the\u2010counter (OTC) medications were self\u2010reported at the study visit. Polypharmacy was defined as five or more prescription or OTC medications. Estimates of polypharmacy prevalence by key sociodemographic and SLE\u2010related participant characteristics were obtained using crude logistic regression and postestimation marginals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than half (56.3%) of participants (n = 451; 15.3% \u226560 years old, 91.8% women, and 81.8% Black) reported polypharmacy. Older age (68.1%, 59.8%, and 43.0% for ages \u226560 years, 40\u201359 years, and 18\u201339 years), higher vs lower disease activity (65.8% vs 46.2%) and cumulative SLE\u2010related damage (68.5% vs 42.4%), longer disease duration (62.4% vs 50.0%), and taking three to five vs zero to one immunomodulating medications (79.6% vs 38.0%) were associated with higher age\u2010adjusted prevalence of polypharmacy; prevalence was not statistically significantly different by sex, race, or education. Although hydroxychloroquine (71.4%), glucocorticoids (44.3%), and other immunomodulating drugs (50.3%) were common, polypharmacy was most often driven by other medications, such as antihypertensives (61.9%), nonopioid pain relievers (51.7%), allergy treatments (22.4%), antidepressants (22.2%), and gastric reflux medications (21.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results underscore the need to address the burden of medication regimens in this population through individualized medication optimization strategies that account for prescription and OTC medications used by those with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/acr25686-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:34:59Z","timestamp":1761294899000},"page":"733-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polypharmacy in Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Jianing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alameda Health System  Oakland California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Growdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmayne","family":"Dunlop\u2010Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Hoge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Covinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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Sam","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinoos","family":"Yazdany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C.","family":"Plantinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-023-00311-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05135-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Varghese D","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75888-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2018.484"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)65120-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20240809-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3182-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033241242692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2020.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2012.10123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-025-00758-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Chippa V","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2024.0388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Jandu JS","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-017-0470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033211005085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25266"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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