{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:10:48Z","timestamp":1790482248934,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As technology continues to improve, it plays an increasingly vital role in the practice of medicine. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the implementation of virtual reality (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in a rheumatology clinic as a platform to administer guided meditation and biofeedback as a means of reducing chronic pain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty participants were recruited from a rheumatology clinic. These participants included adults with physician\u2010diagnosed autoimmune disorders who were on a stable regimen of medication and had a score of at least 5 on the pain Visual Analog Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for a minimum of 4 days during the prior 30 days.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , part of most composite outcome measurements in rheumatology, is an instrument used to assess pain that consists of a straight line with the endpoints ranging from \u201cno pain at all\u201d and \u201cpain as bad as it could be.\u201d Patients were randomized into two groups that differed in the order in which they experienced the two\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      modules. One module consisted of a guided meditation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) environment, whereas the other module consisted of a respiratory biofeedback (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) environment. Data on pain and anxiety levels were gathered before, during, and after the two modules.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The three most common diagnoses among participants were rheumatoid arthiritis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), lupus, and fibromyalgia. There was a significant reduction in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      values = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). There was a significant reduction in Facial Anxiety Scale after the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared with the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      values = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This novel study demonstrated that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      could be a feasible solution for the management of pain and anxiety in rheumatology patients. Further trials with varying treatment exposures and durations are required to solidify the viability of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as a treatment option in rheumatology clinics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T13:55:39Z","timestamp":1573480539000},"page":"667-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Virtual Reality\u2013Based Biofeedback and Guided Meditation in Rheumatology: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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