{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:19:12Z","timestamp":1782785952463,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was designed in order to elucidate the roles of serum interleukin 6 (IL\u20106) in the pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from 101 patients with SLE when they presented active neuropsychiatric manifestations (69 patients with diffuse psychiatric\/neuropsychological syndromes [diffuse NPSLE] and 32 patients with neurologic syndromes or peripheral nervous system involvement [focal NPSLE]) and from 22 control patients without SLE with noninflammatory neurological diseases. The levels of albumin and IL\u20106 in CSF and sera were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum IL\u20106 and CSF IL\u20106 were elevated in NPSLE compared with non\u2010SLE controls. Among NPSLE, serum IL\u20106 and CSF IL\u20106 were significantly elevated in acute confusional state (ACS) compared with non\u2010ACS diffuse NPSLE (anxiety disorder, cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, and psychosis) or focal NPSLE. Q albumin (CSF\/serum albumin quotient) was also significantly higher in ACS than in the other two groups of NPSLE. Of note, serum IL\u20106 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.2801, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0207), but not CSF IL\u20106 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.1602, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.1918), was significantly correlated with Q albumin in patients with diffuse NPSLE, including ACS and non\u2010ACS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that serum IL\u20106 as well as CSF IL\u20106 is involved in the pathogenesis of NPSLE. Moreover, it is suggested that serum IL\u20106 might play a most important role in blood\u2010brain barrier breakdown in NPSLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T01:39:25Z","timestamp":1609724365000},"page":"42-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Role of Serum IL\u20106 in Neuropsychiatric Systemic lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsei","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nobuhara Hospital, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan, and Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, and Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120330000900704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"2010","article-title":"Diagnostic reliability of cerebral spinal fluid tests for acute confusional state (delirium) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: interleukin 6 (IL\u20106), IL\u20108, interferon\u2010\u03b1, IgG index, and Q\u2010albumin","volume":"34","author":"Katsumata Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316629556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0450-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91075-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1226-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Role of serum autoantibodies in blood brain barrier damages in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"36","author":"Hirohata S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"16658","article-title":"Role of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 in pathogenesis of central nervous system neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematous","volume":"8","author":"Wang JB","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2018.1416257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2016.1193966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1101-1189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.10.1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30070-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30078-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1950-9"}],"container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr2.11217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr2.11217","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr2.11217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:25:36Z","timestamp":1759418736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr2.11217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr2.11217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr2.11217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-5745","2578-5745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-5745","type":"print"},{"value":"2578-5745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}