{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1792314069772,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial \u201cembolization\u201d (TAE) in the treatment of chronic \u201cmusculoskeletal pain\u201d refractory to standard therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for original research articles evaluating TAE in patients with musculoskeletal conditions from database inception to January 21, 2020. Search terms employed were as follows: \u201cembolization\u201d, \u201cpain\u201d, \u201cknee osteoarthritis\u201d, joint replacement, epicondylitis, tenderness, inflammation, WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), microspheres, Embozene, geniculate artery, neovascularity, transcatheter, embolic, imipenem\/cilastatin sodium, angiogenesis, and \u201cmusculoskeletal\u201d. Studies involving particle \u201cembolization\u201d for painful musculoskeletal conditions were included. Studies of TAE for hemarthrosis or malignancy\u2010related \u201cmusculoskeletal pain\u201d were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary search yielded 1,099 sources; 7 articles and 4 abstracts were included for data extraction. All were cohorts or case series, with low risk of bias and moderate to poor level of evidence. Heterogeneity between studies was high, precluding meta\u2010analysis. The reviewed studies reported the safety and efficacy of TAE for the treatment of \u201cknee osteoarthritis\u201d; adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder; tendinopathy\/enthesopathy of the knee, shoulder, elbow, and ankle; and cervical myalgia. All TAEs were reported as technically successful without major complications or subsequent serious adverse events, including no reported osteonecrosis, cutaneous ulceration, limb ischemia, cartilage degeneration, or myotendinous injury. TAE significantly reduced pain and improved function for all of the treated conditions, with durable response up to 24 months post procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TAE appears to be a safe and effective treatment for some types of chronic refractory \u201cmusculoskeletal pain\u201d. Randomized placebo\u2010controlled studies are necessary to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T05:32:34Z","timestamp":1638163954000},"page":"209-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Transarterial Embolization for the Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review of Indications, Safety, and Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"SirishA.","family":"Kishore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Healthcare System  Palo Alto California"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University  Palo Alto California"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Sheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Hospital for Special Surgery  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela L.","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesleyan University  Middletown Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Trost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6085-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Mandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Hospital for Special Surgery  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2019.18212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Covidence. 2020 Veritas Health Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Not Your Run of the Mill Embolization","author":"Piechowiak R","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"BhatiaSS.To compare the safety and short\u2010term efficacy of transcatheter geniculate artery embolization (GAE) using embosphere microspheres (ES) vs imipenem\u2010cilastatin (IM\u2010CS) for mild to moderate radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) resistant to conservative treatment. 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