{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T05:16:12Z","timestamp":1776575772197,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5KL2\u2010TR\u2010003168\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5KL2\u2010TR\u2010003168\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008272","name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study objective was to explore differences in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) diagnosis experiences between men and women by examining the coding of health events over the 2\u2009years preceding AS diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Claims data (January 2006\u2013April 2019) from the MarketScan databases were examined. Patients who had received two or more AS diagnoses at least 30\u2009days apart and had at least 2\u2009years of insurance enrollment before their first AS diagnosis were analyzed. Men were matched 1:1 to women by age, diagnosis date, insurance type, and enrollment duration. Health events (diagnosis and provider codes) were examined over 2\u2009years before AS diagnosis and stratified by gender. Data were analyzed using univariate \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 7744 patients, 274 of 1906 AS\u2010related codes showed statistically significant differences between men and women. Women received more diagnosis codes than men across diagnoses and providers; the largest difference in diagnosis codes among women versus men was in peripheral symptom coding (57.7% vs. 43.9%, respectively). More women than men received diagnosis codes for depression (21.2% vs. 9.8%) and other musculoskeletal symptoms (52.8% vs. 40.0%); only gout was more common in men (6.5%) than in women (2.2%). Among men, backache codes gradually increased 12 months before AS diagnosis, whereas axial and sacroiliitis coding increased sharply immediately before diagnosis. The greatest difference in physician types visited was for rheumatologists: 64.2% of women had visits compared with 45.1% of men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further investigation into the dissimilarities in diagnostic experiences between men and women is needed to determine whether differences are due to disease phenotype or potential cognitive bias influencing diagnostic decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T01:43:45Z","timestamp":1648604625000},"page":"540-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Does Gender Impact a Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2160-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark 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