{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:41:06Z","timestamp":1790548866592,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000142","name":"Arthritis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#SOG\u201018\u20100192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SOG\u201018\u20100192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study objective was to assess mental and social health outcomes for individuals with rheumatic disease during the COVID\u201019 pandemic and evaluate the relationship of loneliness and social isolation with depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We administered an international cross\u2010sectional online survey to individuals with rheumatic disease(s) (\u226518\u2009years) between April 2020 and September 2020, with a follow\u2010up survey from December 2020 to February 2021. We used questionnaires to evaluate loneliness (3\u2010item UCLA Loneliness Scale [UCLA\u20103]), social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale [LSNS\u20106]), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ\u20109]), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7\u2010item [GAD\u20107] Scale). We used multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the cross\u2010sectional associations of loneliness and social isolation with depression and anxiety at baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred eighteen individuals (91.4% women, mean age: 45.4\u2009\u00b1\u200914.2\u2009years) participated in the baseline survey, and 344 completed the follow\u2010up survey. Overall, 51.1% of participants experienced loneliness (UCLA\u20103 score\u2009\u22656) and 30.3% experienced social isolation (LSNS\u20106 score\u2009&lt;12) at baseline. Depression (PHQ\u20109 score\u2009\u226510) and anxiety (GAD\u20107 score\u2009\u226510) were experienced by 42.8% and 34.0% of participants at baseline, respectively. Multivariable models showed that experiencing both loneliness and social isolation, in comparison to experiencing neither, was significantly associated with an average 7.27 higher depression score (\u00df\u00a0=\u00a07.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.08\u20108.47) and 5.14 higher anxiety score (\u00df\u00a0=\u00a05.14; 95% CI: 4.00\u20106.28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aside from showing substantial experience of loneliness and social isolation during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, our survey showed significant associations with depression and anxiety. Patient supports to address social health have potential implications for also supporting mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T15:35:52Z","timestamp":1679758552000},"page":"243-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Mental Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Rheumatic Diseases During the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Howren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Arthritis Research Canada  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Antonio","family":"Avina\u2010Zubieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia and Arthritis Research Canada  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Puyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia and Centre for Health Evaluation &amp; Outcome Sciences  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University  Quebec Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3328-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, and Simon Fraser University  British Columbia Burnaby Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevena","family":"Rebi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Arthritis Research Canada  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Gastonguay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia and Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallie","family":"Dau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia and Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-2683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary A.","family":"De Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Arthritis Research Canada, and Centre for Health Evaluation &amp; Outcome Sciences  British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0111-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1655","article-title":"Understanding social role participation: what matters to people with arthritis? 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