{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:59:50Z","timestamp":1769741990632,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the immunogenicity of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA vaccines in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), focusing on the generation of spike\u2010specific memory B cells (MBCs) and of neutralizing antibodies, and assessed the impact of disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drugs, particularly tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study enrolled 35 adolescent and young adult patients with JIA. Data concerning disease characteristics and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccination and infection were collected. We analyzed the frequency of low\u2010affinity spike\u2010specific and high\u2010affinity spike\u2010specific MBCs by flow cytometry. We measured total anti\u2010spike antibodies levels using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay and assessed neutralizing antibody titers with a microneutralization assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with JIA showed a reduced frequency of high\u2010affinity MBCs compared to controls, with a notably poorer response among those receiving TNFi treatment. Additionally, their ability to bind the Omicron variant was significantly lower, particularly among TNFi\u2010treated patients. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection alone was not able to generate high\u2010affinity MBCs and neutralizing antibodies in patients with JIA. After receiving three vaccine doses, 43% of patients with JIA exhibited a reduced frequency of high\u2010affinity MBCs and neutralizing antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with JIA undergoing treatment with TNFi demonstrated a diminished immunogenic response to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccination, with lower frequencies of high\u2010affinity MBCs and decreased neutralizing antibody titers. These findings underscore the need for customized vaccination protocols, including the potential use of booster doses, to enhance immunoprotection in this group. Additionally, the development of reliable biomarkers to distinguish between patients with and without adequate protective immunity is imperative to refine therapeutic interventions and ensure optimal patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/acr270157-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T04:35:59Z","timestamp":1768192559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impaired Generation of High\u2010Affinity Memory B Cells and Neutralizing Antibodies Against\n                    <scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3569-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Aquilani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital IRCCS  Rome 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