{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:25:14Z","timestamp":1783463114371,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To explore the potential role of type\u2010I interferon (IFN\u2010I) signaling in autoimmune cytopenias outside the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the clinical response to off\u2010label anifrolumab in two patients with fatigue and immune\u2010mediated cytopenias who did not meet established criteria for SLE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We describe two older White male patients with fatigue and autoimmune cytopenias who did not meet established SLE criteria and were refractory to standard immunosuppressants. Both received off\u2010label anifrolumab.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Both patients experienced rapid and sustained improvement in fatigue and resolution of cytopenias following treatment, with continued benefit and no significant adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These cases suggest IFN\u2010I signaling may underlie autoimmune cytopenias outside classic SLE. The positive response to anifrolumab raises the possibility of an atypical or distinct IFN\u2010mediated autoimmune condition and supports broader investigation of IFN blockade in hematologic autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.90063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:37:02Z","timestamp":1779262622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Use of Anifrolumab for a Novel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8821-8591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Holtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa","family":"Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01604-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011050"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2023.01020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221425"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41632"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149043"}],"container-title":["ACR Open Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr2.90063","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acr2.90063","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr2.90063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:58:16Z","timestamp":1783461496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr2.90063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr2.90063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr2.90063","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-5745","2578-5745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-5745","type":"print"},{"value":"2578-5745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e90063"}}