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However, little is known about the effect of e\u2010cigarette aerosols on the integrity of the tracheal epithelium, specifically with respect to barrier resistance. This is partly due to the lack of methods for monitoring epithelia at the air\u2013liquid interface (ALI), i.e., under physiological conditions. Here, it is shown that an organic electrochemical transistor can be adapted for the measurement of barrier resistance at the ALI. This technology enables accurate, continuous quantification of tracheal barrier integrity through the use of a conformable gate electrode placed on top of the cell\u2010secreted mucus, obviating the need for addition of culture medium or buffer as a conductance medium for rigid electrodes. This platform allows for the detection of a dose\u2010dependent, rapid decrease in barrier resistance of an in vitro model of human bronchial epithelium (MucilAir) after E\u2010cigarette aerosols exposure. The system represents a powerful tool to study tissue responses of the human airway epithelium to inhaled smoke. The same technology will have broad applications for toxicology studies on other tissues with ALI, including other airway tissues and skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.201800249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T21:34:34Z","timestamp":1545428074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of E Cigarette Emissions on Tracheal Cells Monitored at the Air\u2013Liquid Interface Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Magali P.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioelectronics Mines Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne  880 route de Mimet F\u201013541 Gardanne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Inhaled Particles Mines Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne Universit\u00e9 Lyon Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet INSERM  U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 158 cours Fauriel F\u201042023 Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Sleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photochemical Sigma Clermont  27 Rue Roche Gen\u00e8s 63178 Aubi\u00e8re France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastien","family":"Marchiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Flexible Electronics Mines Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne  880 route de Mimet F\u201013541 Gardanne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Pourchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Inhaled Particles Mines Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne Universit\u00e9 Lyon Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet INSERM  U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 158 cours Fauriel F\u201042023 Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roisin M.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology  Philippa Fawcett Drive CB30AS Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ramuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Flexible Electronics Mines Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne  880 route de Mimet F\u201013541 Gardanne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0541RT"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"E. 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