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Optogenetic entrainment of motor neurons in this reductionist neuromuscular circuit enhances neuromuscular junction formation more than twofold, mirroring the activity\u2010dependence of synapse development in vivo. An established motor neuron disease model is incorporated into the system and it is found that coculture of motor neurons with <jats:italic>SOD1<jats:sup>G93A<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> astrocytes results in denervation of the central compartment and diminishes myofibre contractions, a phenotype which is rescued by the receptor interacting serine\/threonine kinase 1 inhibitor necrostatin. This coculture system replicates key aspects of nerve\u2013muscle connectivity in vivo and represents a rapid and scalable alternative to animal models of neuromuscular function and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.201800307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T07:41:43Z","timestamp":1557301303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["In Vitro Modeling of Nerve\u2013Muscle Connectivity in a Compartmentalized Tissue Culture Device"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Carolina Barcellos","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine King's College London  London SE1 9RT UK"},{"name":"Centre for Developmental Neurobiology\/MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders King's College London  London SE1 1UL 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