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Despite the widespread involvement of CCs in many pathologies, the mechanisms involved in their formation and their role in various diseases are still not fully understood. Current knowledge concerning the formation of CCs, as well as the molecular pathways activated upon cellular exposure to CCs, will be explored in this review. As CC formation is tightly associated with lipid metabolism, the role of cellular lipid homeostasis in the formation of CCs is highlighted, including the role of lysosomes. In addition, cellular pathways and processes known to be affected by CCs are described. In particular, CC\u2010induced activation of the inflammasome and production of reactive oxygen species, along with the role of CCs in complement\u2010mediated inflammation is discussed. Moreover, the clinical manifestation of embolized CCs is described with a focus on renal and skin diseases associated with CC embolism. Lastly, potential therapeutic measures that target either the formation of CCs or their impact on different cell types and tissues are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202100638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T02:28:45Z","timestamp":1632968925000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Formation and Cellular Impact of Cholesterol Crystals in Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Baumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute  Building 10, 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20814 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara G.","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Medicine University of California San Diego  9500 Gilman Street La Jolla CA 92093 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William A.","family":"Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Research University of Hawaii  651 Ilalo Street Honolulu HI 96813 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01186-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.07.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"225","volume":"47","author":"Pawlikowski M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pol. 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