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Identification of susceptibility genes impacts mechanistic understanding and informs precision medicine. The cause of obesity is heterogeneous with complex biological processes playing a role by controlling peptides involved in regulating appetite and food intake, cellular energy, and metabolism. Evidence for heritability shows genetic components contributing to 40%\u201370% of obesity. Monogenic causes and obesity\u2010related syndromes are discussed and illustrated as well as biological pathways, gene interactions, and factors contributing to the obesity phenotype. Over 550\u00a0obesity\u2010related single genes have been identified and summarized in tabular form with approximately 20% of these genes have been added to obesity gene panels for testing by commercially available laboratories. Early studies show that about 10% of patients with severe obesity using NGS testing have a pathogenic gene variant. Discussion to help characterize gene\u2013gene interactions and disease mechanisms for early diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors contributing to disease is incorporated in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202101154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T22:36:25Z","timestamp":1654814185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Obesity: Underlying Genetic Causes in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Duis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Genetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado  Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E 16th Ave Aurora CO 80045 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merlin G.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Genetics Departments of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics University of Kansas Medical Center  3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015 Kansas City KS 66160 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