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Clinical evidence from estradiol (E)\u2010GAHT patients indicate widespread changes in tissues sensitive to E and testosterone (T), particularly in the reproductive system. Notably, E\u2010GAHTs effects on hormones and reproduction vary greatly between patients. With the goal of informing clinical research and practice for TGD individuals taking E, this study examines intact male mice implanted with capsules containing one of three different E doses (low 1.25 mg; mid 2.5 mg; high 5 mg), or a blank control capsule. All E\u2010GAHT doses suppress T and follicle stimulating hormone levels while elevating E levels. Only the high E\u2010GAHT dose significantly supresses luteinizing hormone levels. All E\u2010GAHT doses affect epididymis tubule size similarly while seminiferous tubule morphology and bladder weight changes are dose\u2010dependent. E\u2010GAHT does not alter the presence of mature sperm, though E\u2010exposed sperm have altered motility. These data represent the first evidence that mouse models offer an effective tool to understand E\u2010GAHTs impact on reproductive health and the dose\u2010dependent effects of this model permit examinations of diverse patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202300126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T02:08:25Z","timestamp":1694225305000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Mouse Model to Investigate the Impact of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy with Estradiol on Reproduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Pfau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1236-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Dela Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasantha","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9972-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly B.","family":"Moravek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0159-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariella","family":"Shikanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2011.700873","volume":"13","author":"Coleman E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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