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Of the different plasmodium species that induce malaria, <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> account for the most severe form of malarial disease in humans. This review focuses on understanding preventive measures, mutation\u2010based disease evolution, malaria\u2010related biomarkers, and potential plant bioactive components for the treatment and management of malaria. The burden of malaria drug resistance has made it necessary for scientists to focus on alternative therapeutics, with particular interests in those involving plant\u2010based bioactive components that could mediate biochemical pathways, consisting of metabolic interactions essential for parasitic inhibition. To avoid artefacts or false positives, these bioactive components from plant sources are further filtered using the \u201cpan\u2010assay\u2010interfering compounds\u201d (PAINS) tool. This review discussed the history of malaria treatment, current treatment options, malaria preventive measures, and challenges associated with current treatment strategies. 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