{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T03:59:56Z","timestamp":1781323196745,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21822202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21822202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFE0200702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0200702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFE0129800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFE0129800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012462","name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Eng Mater"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Integrating multifunctional semiconducting metal oxide powders into a 3D printing technique to construct hierarchical porous structures is highly desirable and remains a significant challenge. Herein, an extrusion\u2010based 3D printing strategy is developed that can assemble TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> powders into hierarchical porous structures with multiscale pores at both the macro\u2010 and microscale. Powder\u2010based TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inks with a significant shear\u2010thinning behavior and adequate storage modulus and yield stress are developed to meet the requirements of 3D printing of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in an air environment without the need for an additional solidification treatment, which provides good printing flexibility. The hierarchical porous structures with a relatively high compressive strength provide the 3D\u2010printed TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> structures with great potential for use in many applications, including filtration, thermal insulation, biomedical scaffolds, catalyst supports, and energy conversion. Compared with scaffolds with a compact morphology, the hierarchical porous TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> scaffold as a photoelectrode achieves a higher nitrogen photofixation yield due to its high surface adsorption and activation capacity caused by its porous morphology. Importantly, the powder\u2010based ink design and extrusion\u2010based 3D printing approach are readily extended to other semiconducting metal oxides such as ZnO and their composites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201901088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T05:29:28Z","timestamp":1572586168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["3D Printing of Powder\u2010Based Inks into Functional Hierarchical Porous TiO<sub>2<\/sub> Materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow University  Suzhou 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou 310014 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunli","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianfu","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1204-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University  Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE03526D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201603486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201506215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1468-6996\/16\/3\/033502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/18\/34\/345202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200400481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616769114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201603390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200500666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200501447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200803702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201200057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b01179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201505391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201701627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4095(20020916)14:18<1279::AID-ADMA1279>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2010.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00330F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200502696"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE02510A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Cellular Ceramics: Structure Manufacturing Properties and Applications(Eds:M.Scheffler P.ColomBo) Wiley-VCH Weinheim Germany2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2006.01044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/7\/3\/035010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2006.01382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200701372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.15347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B501259G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201703140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MH00144J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.11.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-010-5113-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2009.10.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806482"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b03537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201713229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b03652"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA09350K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50320a024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/21\/12\/126801"}],"container-title":["Advanced Engineering Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adem.201901088","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adem.201901088","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adem.201901088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:45:16Z","timestamp":1759419916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adem.201901088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adem.201901088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adem.201901088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-1656","1527-2648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-1656","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-2648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1901088"}}