{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:20:47Z","timestamp":1790079647997,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Funct Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The electrochemical properties and phase stability of the multi\u2010component olivine compound LiMn<jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> are studied experimentally and with first\u2010principles calculation. The formation of a solid solution between LiMnPO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, LiFePO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and LiCoPO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> at this composition is confirmed by XRD patterns and the calculated energy. The experimental and first\u2010principle results indicate that there are three distinct regions in the electrochemical profile at quasi\u2010open\u2010circuit potentials of <jats:italic>\u223c<\/jats:italic>3.5\u2009V, \u223c4.1\u2009V, and \u223c4.7\u2009V, which are attributed to Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\/Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Mn<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\/Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and Co<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\/Co<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> redox couples, respectively. However, exceptionally large polarization is observed only for the region near 4.1\u2009V of Mn<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\/Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> redox couples, implying an intrinsic charge transfer problem. An ex situ XRD study reveals that the reversible one\u2010phase reaction of Li extraction\/insertion mechanism prevails, unexpectedly, for all lithium compositions of Li<jats:sub><jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (0\u2009\u2264\u2009<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20091) at room temperature. This is the first demonstration that the well\u2010ordered, non\u2010nanocrystalline (less than 1% Li\u2013M disorder and a few hundred nanometer size particle) olivine electrode can be operated solely in a one\u2010phase mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200900414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T12:57:38Z","timestamp":1251809858000},"page":"3285-3292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Combined First\u2010Principle Calculations and Experimental Study on Multi\u2010Component Olivine Cathode for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hyeokjo","family":"Gwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Hwa","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongsoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kisuk","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/451652a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"Freedom CAR Battery Test Manual For Power\u2010Assist Hybrid Electric Vehicles DOE\/ID\u201011069 INEEL ID USA2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.192.4244.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1396695"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2004.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1837571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(01)00631-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm030347b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm051861f"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1884787"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"A123 Systemshttp:\/\/www.a123systems.com(accessed April 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"Hydro Quebechttp:\/\/www.hydroquebec.com(accessed April 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02410312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2008.07.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2005.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2009.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1475195"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","volume":"73","author":"Maxisch T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. 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