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This study first computationally identifies that photon absorption, as opposed to scattering, is the primary contributor to signal attenuation. A NIR two\u2010photon microscope is constructed next with a 1640\u00a0nm femtosecond pulsed laser and a NIR PMT detector to image biological tissues labeled with fluorescent single\u2010walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Spatial imaging resolutions are achieved close to the Abbe resolution limit and eliminate blur and background autofluorescence of biomolecules, 300\u00a0\u00b5m deep into brain slices and through the full 120\u00a0\u00b5m thickness of a <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic> leaf. NIR\u2010II two\u2010photon microscopy can also measure tissue heterogeneity by quantifying how much the fluorescence power law function varies across tissues, a feature this study exploits to distinguish Huntington's Disease afflicted mouse brain tissues from wildtype. These results suggest dual\u2010infrared two\u2010photon microscopy can accomplish in\u2010tissue structural imaging and biochemical sensing with a minimal background, and with high spatial resolution, in optically opaque or highly autofluorescent biological tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202404709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T07:35:44Z","timestamp":1716795344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dual Infrared 2\u2010Photon Microscopy Achieves Minimal Background Deep Tissue Imaging in Brain and Plant Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Safaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California  Berkeley CA 94720 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