{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:58:17Z","timestamp":1787507897324,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007053","name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20221B1010003B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20221B1010003B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023443","name":"Commercializations Promotion Agency for R and D Outcomes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000408156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000408156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023443","name":"Commercializations Promotion Agency for R and D Outcomes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000304772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000304772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Funct Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To extend the lifespan of Ni\u2010rich layered oxide cathodes, doping, coating, and particle\u2010morphology optimization strategies have been explored, though these approaches often result in reduced reversible capacity. In this study, a novel LiNi\n                    <jats:sub>0.92<\/jats:sub>\n                    Co\n                    <jats:sub>0.04<\/jats:sub>\n                    Mn\n                    <jats:sub>0.04<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    cathode is introduced featuring gradients in Li concentration and particle size at the secondary\u2010particle level. By controlling the oxygen partial pressure during synthesis, enhanced cycle stability is achieved without compromising the capacity of this unique structure. Contrary to common knowledge, the superior performance of cathode materials synthesized under oxygen\u2010deficient conditions is reported, delivering a remarkable capacity of 226.7 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and robust cycle retention of 87.23% after 200 cycles. These electrodes achieve 85.08% capacity retention at 2\u00a0C\/0.1\u00a0C, demonstrating excellent rate performance. Comprehensive diffraction and microscopy analyses identify secondary particles with Li\u2010excess structures on their surfaces (characterized by larger primary particles) and stoichiometric structures in the core (featuring smaller primary particles). This dual\u2010gradient structure enhances performance by suppressing surface reactions and stabilizing the bulk. Furthermore, the electrodes retain pristine microstructure during electrochemical cycling, minimize lattice contraction (3.86%), and suppress H2\u2010to\u2010H3 transitions. This study highlights the potential of using Li concentration gradients to mitigate surface side reactions, paving the way for the development of durable, high\u2010capacity, and cost\u2010effective cathodes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202424823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T11:48:43Z","timestamp":1742298523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Realizing Li Concentration and Particle Size Gradients in Ni\u2010Rich Cathode for Superior Electrochemical Performance in Oxygen\u2010Deficient Atmospheres"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seok Hyun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neutron Science Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)  111 Daedeok\u2010daero 989 Beon\u2010Gil, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34057 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University  145 Anam\u2010Ro, Seongbuk\u2010Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)  270\u201025 Samso\u2010ro, Buk\u2010gu Gwangju 61003 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neutron Science Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)  111 Daedeok\u2010daero 989 Beon\u2010Gil, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34057 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University  145 Anam\u2010Ro, Seongbuk\u2010Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokjae","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neutron Science Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)  111 Daedeok\u2010daero 989 Beon\u2010Gil, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34057 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University  145 Anam\u2010Ro, Seongbuk\u2010Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Hyeok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Gajeongro 267, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Hwan","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Gajeongro 267, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjeong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  291 Daehak\u2010ro, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Je","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)  270\u201025 Samso\u2010ro, Buk\u2010gu Gwangju 61003 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inchul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Materials Lab POSCO N.EX.T Hub POSCO Holdings  100 Songdogwahak\u2010ro, Yeonsu\u2010gu Incheon 21985 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu\u2010Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Ferrous &amp; Eco Materials Technology Department of Materials Science &amp; Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)  40, Jigok\u2010ro 212beon\u2010gil, Nam\u2010gu Pohang\u2010si Gyeongsangbuk\u2010do 37667 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Hwa","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  291 Daehak\u2010ro, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjoong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chungnam National University  99, Daehak\u2010ro, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeokjun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Gajeongro 267, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University  145 Anam\u2010Ro, Seongbuk\u2010Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Ho","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University  145 Anam\u2010Ro, Seongbuk\u2010Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9436-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungsub","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neutron Science Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)  111 Daedeok\u2010daero 989 Beon\u2010Gil, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34057 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Research Institute Chungbuk National University  Chungdae\u2010ro 1, Seowon\u2010gu Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm901452z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0513-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(99)00221-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.01.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE02511A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202000521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b03268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202200022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201300787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202108790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.06.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.02.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-022-00915-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-008-0671-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.01.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.8b02302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201702028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-021-00782-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.0c00191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202106402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2024.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b01425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22635-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA00224C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26290-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.1c03004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EE03969A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.06.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c12541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c06550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c02880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44583-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.06.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201601266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22635-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.4c00600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.228940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"J.Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Carvajal FULLPROF 2000 LLB France2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049511049144"}],"container-title":["Advanced Functional Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adfm.202424823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:26:21Z","timestamp":1768195581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adfm.202424823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adfm.202424823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202424823","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-301X","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-3028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2424823"}}